Allergies in the increasing elderly population remain an undervalued, common disease with a major impact on quality of life. Immunosenescence is a factor behind developing new allergies and inability to mount an immune response. Changes in sinonasal tissue, GI system and skin cause these patients to develop allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, dermatitis, asthma and food allergies. Symptoms can range from nasal congestion, sneezing, nasal drainage, rash, food intolerance and itchy eyes to generalized fatigue and sleep disturbance.

The US population is becoming increasingly older. While the pathogenesis of sinus disease does not significantly change, there are subtle anatomic and physiologic changes. Elderly patients have unique considerations due to medical co-morbidities as well as side effect of medications. There are changes in nasal mucosa that can make secretions thicker, as well as more susceptible to bleeding due to dryness. In addition, the bony anatomy can be more fragile which can lead to an increase unintended complications.

Dysphagia is an increasingly common problem. The etiologies are varied and can be identified based upon a comprehensive history and physical examination. Treatment options are both medical and surgical.

Presbyphonia is a change in the voice resulting from physiological changes related to aging. These changes involve the entire person but particularly include changes related to the laryngeal structures. In the majority of elderly people with vocal symptoms the cause is multifactorial and specific laryngeal lesions should be pursued. Metabolic, autoimmune and neurologic diseases are more common in the elderly and should be ruled out as well. Patients present with several characteristic symptoms that include vocal weakness, reduced projection, changes in pitch and vocal fatigue.