The midface is a complex anatomical region, with a bony skeletal framework that is composed of a series of vertical and horizontal buttresses. These represent areas of bony thickening which provide a supportive framework for this region. Consequently fractures which involve the buttresses system can destabilize the midface with both functional and aesthetic consequences. As discussed, appropriate management of midfacial trauma requires the utilization of CT imaging, to adequately classify the injury.

Fractures of the zygoma are the second most common facial injury after nasal fractures. Incidence and demographics will vary depending on the population studied but overall there is a young male predilection which results mostly from motor vehicle accidents or altercations. Due to the prominent location of the zygoma and its proximity to the orbit and mandible, fractures commonly result in functional deficits and almost always will affect cosmesis and facial contour.